Human Aviation

This passage is about the invention of the hot air balloon by the Montgolfier brothers.

Lexile Level: 1250L

Categories: History People & Places Science & Technology


Before Orville and Wilbur Wright flew their airplane in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, another pair of brothers in France created a flying craft. The Montgolfier brothers, Josef and Etienne, invented the hot air balloon, which made its first flight with humans aboard in 1783. Josef first got the idea when he noticed that paper ashes flutter upwards from a fire, lofting on the updraft of heat from the flames. Before humans flew in the balloons, the brothers tested inverted bags made of paper and cloth with a smoky fire hanging beneath them in a basket. Many of these caught fire and burned, but the tests showed that the design would work. The honor of the first successful flight with passengers was bestowed upon a sheep, a duck, and a rooster. Within a month, two men took a twenty-five minute flight over Paris, and human aviation was born.


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