Để viết một bài luận có cấu trúc rõ ràng, mạch lạc trong phần thi IELTS Writing Task 2, chúng ta cần biết cách sắp xếp các ý sao cho phù hợp. Hay nói cách khác, ta cần biết nên viết ý này ở đoạn văn nào trong bài luận.

Hãy liên tưởng đến chiếc burger ngon miệng với 2 lát thịt ở giữa như là phần thông tin chính trong bài văn của bạn. Và phần bánh mì ở trên cùng và dưới cùng của chiếc burger chính là phần mở đầu và kết thúc của bài luận. Liên tưởng đến chiếc bánh burger giúp bạn hình dung ra cấu trúc bài IELTS Writing Task 2 dễ dàng hơn rất nhiều phải không nào?

Giờ chúng ta hãy đi sâu hơn vào cấu trúc của từng loại bài IELTS Writing Task 2 dựa trên hình ảnh chiếc bánh burger nhé!

1. Agree or Disagree essay (dạng bài đồng tình hay phản bác quan điểm nào đó)

Ở dạng bài này, phần bánh mì trên cùng của chiếc burger (phần mở bài) bạn sẽ cần đưa ra ý kiến của mình (đồng tình hay phản bác quan điểm của đề bài). Đến phần thân bài (phần thịt ở giữa chiếc burger) bạn sẽ cần đưa ra các luận điểm, luận cứ, dẫn chứng để chứng minh cho ý kiến của mình. Cuối cùng là phần kết bài, bạn sẽ khẳng định lại ý kiến của mình.

Ví dụ:

Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be enjoyable. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Introduction: 

Some hobbies are relatively easy, while others present more of a challenge. Personally, I believe that both types of hobby can be fun, and I, therefore, disagree with the statement that hobbies need to be difficult in order to be enjoyable.

Body:

• Paragraph 1: On the one hand, many people enjoy easy hobbies. One example of an activity that is easy for most people is swimming. This hobby requires very little equipment, it is simple to learn, and it is inexpensive. I remember learning to swim at my local swimming pool when I was a child, and it never felt like a demanding or challenging experience. Another hobby that I find easy and fun is photography. In my opinion, anyone can take interesting pictures without knowing too much about the technicalities of operating a camera. Despite being straightforward, taking photos is a satisfying activity.

• Paragraph 2: On the other hand, difficult hobbies can sometimes be more exciting. If an activity is more challenging, we might feel a greater sense of satisfaction when we manage to do it successfully. For example, film editing is a hobby that requires a high level of knowledge and expertise. In my case, it took me around two years before I became competent at this activity, but now I enjoy it much more than I did when I started. I believe that many hobbies give us more pleasure when we reach a higher level of performance because the results are better and the feeling of achievement is greater.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, simple hobbies can be fun and relaxing, but difficult hobbies can be equally pleasurable for different reasons.

(Nguồn essay: tham khảo)

2. Advantages and Disadvantages essay (dạng bài đưa ra lợi ích và bất lợi của cái gì đó)

Ở dạng bài này, 2 lát thịt ở giữa chiếc bánh burger chính là 2 đoạn văn trong đó bạn đưa ra lợi ích và bất lợi (đoạn 1 nêu lợi ích, đoạn 2 nêu bất lợi). Còn phần bánh mì ở trên cùng và dưới cùng của chiếc burger vẫn là phần mở bài và kết bài.

Ví dụ:

In the past most people used to have to travel to their place of work. With increased use of the internet, computers and smartphones, more and more people are choosing to work from home. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this development?

Introduction:

The advent of the internet has enabled people to work remotely from home rather than commuting daily to work. Like most new technologies, this has some obvious benefits, but also some less obvious downsides, and both of these must be assessed.

Body:

• Advantages: On the positive side, the ability to work from home gives a person more freedom. For one thing, they do not have to endure the daily commute, sitting in heavy traffic for hours each day as their stress levels rise just to sit in an office all day. Moreover, working from hone allows a person to manage their own time. For example, some people like to work slowly and steadily, while some people like to work in short bursts. However, in an office environment, people are usually under pressure to make it seem like they are working even if they are not.

• Disadvantages: On the other hand, it is often said that modern society leads to feelings of isolation and working from home might exacerbate this. Having no one around to chat with might actually make people more stressed and have worse effects on their mental health than working in an office. Not to mention, the internet has created a world of distractions that may be hard to resist if someone is sitting in their living room rather than in a cubicle. Furthermore, everyone who has ever tried to organize a conference call knows that face-to-face interactions are normally more time-efficient and productive than trying to communicate remotely.

Conclusion:

Overall, it seems that working from home is a mixed bag. The freedom of not having to come to a certain place to work each day is appealing, but humans are social creatures and having everyone in their homes all day is probably not the best solution either.

(Nguồn essay: tham khảo)

3. Problem and Solution essay (dạng bài đưa ra vấn đề và giải pháp)

Những câu hỏi cho dạng bài luận này thường được diễn đạt theo nhiều cách khác nhau, tuy nhiên, đề bài sẽ luôn yêu cầu bạn đưa ra giải pháp cho một vấn đề nào đó. Trong đoạn văn viết nội dung chính đầu tiên ở phần thân bài (lát thịt đầu tiên của chiếc burger), bạn nên đề cập đến vấn đề và trong đoạn văn thứ hai (lát thịt thứ hai) hãy nêu ra giải pháp. Và giống như tất cả các dạng bài luận khác, bạn cũng cần phần mở đầu và phần kết luận.

Ví dụ:

In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.

Introduction:

It is true that people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than ever before. Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this trend, societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems.

Body:

• Problem: As people live longer and the populations of developed countries grow older, several related problems can be anticipated. The main issue is that there will obviously be more people of retirement age who will be eligible to receive a pension. The proportion of younger, working adults will be smaller, and governments will therefore receive less money in taxes in relation to the size of the population. In other words, an ageing population will mean a greater tax burden for working adults. Further pressures will include a rise in the demand for healthcare, and the fact young adults will increasingly have to look after their elderly relatives.

• Solution: There are several actions that governments could take to solve the problems described above. Firstly, a simple solution would be to increase the retirement age for working adults, perhaps from 65 to 70. Nowadays, people of this age tend to be healthy enough to continue a productive working life. A second measure would be for governments to encourage immigration in order to increase the number of working adults who pay taxes. Finally, money from national budgets will need to be taken from other areas and spent on vital healthcare, accommodation and transport facilities for the rising numbers of older citizens.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, various measures can be taken to tackle the problems that are certain to arise as the populations of countries grow older.

(Nguồn essay: tham khảo)

4. Two questions in one essay (dạng bài có hai câu hỏi)

Ở dạng bài luận này, đoạn văn thứ nhất trong phần thân bài sẽ trả lời cho câu hỏi thứ nhất còn đoạn văn thứ hai sẽ trả lời cho câu hỏi thứ hai. Và tất nhiên, chiếc bánh burger cũng không thể thiếu phần bánh mì trên cùng và dưới cùng hay chính là phần mở bài và kết bài của bài luận đúng không nào?

Ví dụ:

Some parents buy their children whatever they ask for, and allow their children to do whatever they want. Is this a good way to raise children? What consequences could this style of parenting have for children as they get older?

Introduction:

In today’s society, some parents are becoming increasingly permissive. They do not impose sufficient discipline on their children, and in some cases buy them too many things. This essay will explore why this is not a good way to raise children and why it will have negative impacts upon them in future.

Body:

• Answer to the 1st question: While it is understandable that parents want to give their children expensive toys and let them run freely in the streets, this is actually not really an appropriate method of parenting. Having too many toys encourages children to be materialistic and does not offer them the same change to develop social skills like sharing. Furthermore, when children have asked for the toys, it gives them a sense of entitlement and even power over their parents. As for giving children too much freedom, there are obviously a great many dangers in this world from which they need to be kept safe. Children also need rules and boundaries to encourage them to develop into mature and responsible adults.

• Answer to the 2nd question: If parents insist on this permissive style of parenting, their children will grow up with very different values from those of stricter parents. Children who were never forced to study will end up with poorer grades in school, and those who were given everything they wanted as children will expect everything to come easily as adults. In short, they will lead difficult and disappointing lives, in contrast with what their parents hoped.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, although it is tempting to give children whatever they want, parents ought to set rules and boundaries, and to be careful with how they reward children. If parents fail to impose a basic level of discipline, children may grow up with a poor attitude that will cause them and others to suffer.

(Nguồn essay: tham khảo)

Hy vọng bài viết này đã giúp các bạn nắm rõ hơn về cách sắp xếp cấu trúc và cách triển khai ý bài IELTS Writing Task 2. 

Chúc các bạn luôn học tốt và đạt điểm IELTS như mong muốn!