Contaminate/pollute: làm ô nhiễm/làm nhiễm độc
Pollute rivers and lakes/waterways/the air/the atmosphere/the environment/oceans: làm ô nhiễm sông và hồ/luồng nước/không khí/bầu khí quyển/môi trường/đại dương
Contaminate groundwater/the soil/food/crops: làm ô nhiễm nguồn nước ngầm/đất/thực phẩm/mùa màng
Dispose/release/get rid of: thải ra
Exploit: khai thác
Cut/reduce: giảm thiểu
Cut down on/reduce pollution/greenhouse gas emissions: giảm ô nhiễm/lượng khí thải nhà kính
Preserve/conserve: bảo tồn/giữ gìn
Preserve/conserve biodiversity/natural resources: bảo tồn/ giữ gìn sự đa dạng sinh học/tài nguyên thiên nhiên
Make use of/take advantage of: tận dụng/lợi dụng
Over-abuse: lạm dụng quá mức
Halt/discontinue/stop: ngăn chặn/làm dừng lại
Tackle/cope with/deal with: giải quyết
Fight/take action on/reduce/stop global warming: đấu tranh chống/hành động chống/giảm/ngăn chặn sự nóng lên toàn cầu
Limit/curb/control/combat: hạn chế/ngăn chặn/kiểm soát/chống lại
Limit/curb/control air/water/atmospheric/environmental pollution: hạn chế/ngăn chặn/kiểm soát sự ô nhiễm không khí/nước/bầu khí quyển/môi trường
Damage/destroy: phá hủy
Damage/destroy the environment/a marine ecosystem/the ozone layer/coral reefs: phá hủy môi trường/hệ sinh thái dưới nước/tầng ozon/rặng san hô
Cause/contribute to climate change/global warming: gây ra biến đổi khí hậu/nóng lên toàn cầu
Produce pollution/CO2/greenhouse (gas) emissions: gây ô nhiễm/ phát thải khí CO2/khí thải nhà kính
Threaten natural habitats/coastal ecosystems/a species with extinction: đe dọa môi trường sống tự nhiên/hệ sinh thái ven bờ/giống loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng
Degrade ecosystems/habitats/the environment: làm suy thoái hệ sinh thái/môi trường sống
Harm the environment/wildlife/marine life: gây hại cho môi trường/môi trường sống tự nhiên/môi trường sống dưới nước
Pollutive: bị ô nhiễm
Toxic/poisonous: độc hại
Excessive: quá mức
Serious/severe/acute: nghiêm trọng
Thorny/head-aching/head-splitting: đau đầu/nhức nhối (thường đi với từ problems)
Excessive: quá mức
Fresh/pure: trong lành
Effective/efficient/efficacious: hiệu quả
Environmentally-friendly: thân thiện với môi trường
Đề bài: People think that government should increase the cost of fuel for cars and other vehicles to solve environmental problems. Give your opinion.
Essay:
It is widely believed that one solution to environmental problems would be for governments to raise the price of petrol. While I consider that this might be an effective measure, I would argue that other measures might have an even greater impact. If national authorities raised taxes on petrol, this would address two environmental issues. Firstly, in terms of private cars, motorists would limit the number and length of their journeys to compensate for the extra expense. Governments would then be forced to upgrade and expand public transport provision, as people would still need to travel to work, to school or to travel to shops and hospitals, for example. Secondly, from the perspective of freight services, more goods would have to be transported by rail rather than by truck. Both these measures would cut down on emissions from vehicles and help to reduce the greenhouse effect. On the other hand, while this rise in fuel prices might be a useful stopgap measure, governments could adopt transport policies that would be more effective in the long term. The local authorities in London, for instance, introduced a congestion charge on all vehicles visiting the city centre. They use the money raised to subsidize the cost of fares and to invest in transport infrastructure. In turn, this has improved the air quality in the city, as a result of the reduction in exhaust fumes. Another policy would be to introduce free bus and train passes, as the increased use of public transport would reduce pollution from private cars and help in the effort to combat global warming.
In conclusion, a sharp rise in petrol prices would be a useful environmentally-friendly transport measure, although in the longer term other steps would be more effective.
(Nguồn essay: tham khảo)
--> Các cụm từ hay liên quan đến chủ đề Environment được in đậm gạch chân trong essay.
Chúc các bạn học tốt và đạt điểm IELTS như mong muốn!
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